A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ECONOMIC POWER BETWEEN ZAMBIAN WOMEN OF ASIAN ORIGIN AND INDIGENOUS ZAMBIAN WOMEN OF LUSAKA
Keywords:
ECONOMIC POWER, INDIGENOUS ZAMBIAN WOMEN, LUSAKASynopsis
"According to the United Nations women make up to 50 percent of world populâtion, constitute one-third of its labour force, generate nearly two-thirds of the world's incarne but own less than one-hundredth of the world's real estate" (Quoted by Virji & Meghji,.1987:1). In Africa "70 percent of food production; 60 percent of marketing;·90 percent of brewing; 90 percent of the labour involved in securing domestic water and 80 percent of self-help projects were carried out by women". (Jiggins, .1983:3). According to a study conducted by Roelofs (1986), Zarnbian wornen play an important role in the food sector, prQviding at least 60 percent of the agricultural labour and producing both food crops as well as cash crops. In spite of this, by and large, ail this goes unrecorded in official.statistics which reflects that women' s economic contribution goes unrecognized. The 1980 population census data on economic activity reveals that only 37.5 percent of the total 1.6 million adult women (compared to 71.8 percent of the total 1.5 million adult men) are recorded as economically active i.e. employed or .seeking employment.
Downloads
References
Anderson, M. (1983). Thinking about women: Sociological and Feminist Perspective. New York: Macmillan Publishing C.
Bardouille, Raj. (1981). University of Zambia students' career expectations. Manpower Research Re_port No 9. 47 pp.(Mimeo)
Bardouille, Raj. (1984). The Sexual Division of Labour in the Urban Informai Sector: A Case Study Of Lusaka. In K Wordàng (ed), Beyond Political Independence (pp161-182). Berlin: Monton Publishers
Bardouille, Raj. (1985). The Economie Contribution on Urban Women in Zambia. Paper prepared for the Population Seminar on Dissemination and Utilization of the 1980 Population Census. Lusaka, 25-27 November.
Bardouille, Raj. (1985). Women's Employment Patterns, Discrimination And Promotion of Equality In Zambia, Draft Report Prepared For !LO/JASPA.
Bardouille, Raj. (1986). Integration of Zambian Women in National Deve]opment: Analysis of Constraints and Prospects. IDRC Manuscàpt Report- Women in Development, Perspectives from the Nairobi Conference.
Bardouille, Raj. (1991). Country Gender Analysis. A Draft Report Prepared For SIDA. Lusaka. Unpublished.
Bardouille, Raj. (1991). An Annotated Bibliography Of Research On The Urban Informai Sector In Zambia. Suggestions For Future Research And Support, Lusaka: FINNIDA
Bardouille, Raj. (1992). Research On Zambian In Retrospect And Prospect: An Annotated Bibliography. Lusaka: SIDA
Bay, E. (ed) (1982). Women And Work In Africa. Boulder: Westview Press.
Bernstein, P. (1976). Workplace Democratization: Its Internai Dynamics. Kent: The State University Press.
Blau, P.(1964). Exchange And Power In Social Life. New York: John Wiley And Sons.
Due, J.M. & White, M. (1986). Contrasts Between Joint and Female Headed Fann Households in Zambia. Eastern African Economie Review, 2(1), 94-98.
Due, J.M. & White, M. (1986), Constraints to Women and Development in Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 20(1), 155-166.
Due, J.M. (1987). African Women's Perceptions of Development: Contrasts between Tanl.3Ilia and Zambia. Journal of Rural Studies, 3(1), 23-29.
Eklund, Per (1985). The Lima Crop Extension Programme Evaluation, Strategy and Indicative Plan 1986-90. Lusaka: Ministry of Agriculture and Water Development.
Epstein, A. (1981). Urbanization And Kinship- The Domestic Domain On The Cop_perbelt Of Zambia 1950-1956. New York: Academic Press Inc. -
Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) (1984): "Zambia: Women in Food Systems in Africa. 11 Consultant Report Prepared by Florence A. Chenoweth.
Freund, Paul J. & Katele, Kalumba. (1984). The UNICEF/GRZ Monitoring and Evaluation Study of Child Hea.lth and Nutrition in Western and Northem Provinces. Zambia. Integrated Report. Community Health Research Unit. IAS. March 1984.
Gaobepe, Mary and Mwenda, Angel (1982). The report on the situation and needs of food suppliers: women of Zambia. Unpublished material manuscript, Lusaka. 187 pp.
Geisler, G., Keller, B. & Chuzu, P.M. (1985). The Needs of Rural Women in Northern Provinces: Analysis and Recommendations. Lusaka: NORAD.
Gillespie, D.L.(1971). Who Has The Power? The Marital Struggle Journal Of Marriage And The Family pp 445-458.
Govemment of Zambia. (1993a). Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 1992 (ZDHS). Lusaka. University of Zambia and Central Statistical Office.
Government of Zambia. (1989d). Labour Force Survey 1986.Lusaka. Central Statisitical Office.
Guyer, J.I. (1984). Women in the Rural Economy: Contemporary Variations.In M.J. Hav & S. Stichter (eds). African Women South of the Sahara (pp. 19-32). London: Longman
Haan, Sans C. (1982). Sorne Characteristics of Informai Sector Businessmen in Lusaka and Kitwe, Zambia. SATEP and ILO,July 1982.
Hansen, K.T. (1975). Married Women and Work: Explorations From an Urban Case Study (Lusaka). African Social Research,22, 777-799.
-Hansen, K.T. (1980). When Sex Beromes a Critical Variable:Married Women and Extra Domestic Work in Lusaka, Zambia. African Social Research, 30, 831-844.
Hansen, K.T. (1980). The Urban Informai Sector as a Development Issue: Poor Women a.,d Work in Lusaka, Zambia. Urban Anthropology, 9(2), 199-225.
Hansen, K.T. (1984). Negotiating Sex and Gender in Urban Zambia.Journal of Southern African Studies, 10(2), (219-238).
Henn, J.K. (1984). Women in the Rural Economy: Past, Present and Future. In M.J. Hay & S. Stichter (eds). African Women South of Sahara. (pp. 1-18). London: Longman.
Himonga, C, Munachonga, M & Chanda, A. (1988). Women's Access To Agricultural Land- A Report Prepared For Department of Lands. Lusaka.
Hudgens, R.E. (1988). A diagnostic Survey of Female-headed Households in Central Province of Zambia. In S.V. Poats,M. Schmink & A. Spring (eds). Gender Issues in Farming Systems Research and Extension. (pp. 373-387). London: Westview Press.
Hurlich, S. (1986). Women in Zambia: Report Prepared For CIDA
International Labour Organisation (ILO) and United Nations Research and Training Institute of Women (INSTRAW) (1985).Women in Economie Activity: A Global Statistical Survey. Santo Damingo:
ILO/INSTRAW.
Olsen, David.(1969). The Measurement Of Family Power By Self Report And Behavioural Method, in Journal Of Marriage And The Family, 31(August), pp 545-550
Olsen, M.(1970). Power in Societies. London: The MacMillan Co.
Olsen, David. & Robunsky, Carolyn. (1972). Validity Of Four Measures Of Family Power, in Journal Of Marriage And The Family, 34(May) pp 224-234
Oppong, Christine.(1970). Conjugal Power And Resources: An Urban African Example. Journal Of Marriage And The Family pp 200-203.
PAID-ESA. (1991). A Study Of Women's Credit Needs In The Informai Sector And Rural Areas: Lusaka And Kabwe. Lusaka: UNDP
Peil, Margaret.(1977). Consensus And Conflict In African Societies: An Introduction To Sociology. London: Longman Group Ltd.
Phiri, Elizebeth. (1985). "Factors Contributing to a Limited View ofWomen's Role in Food Production in Zambia." M.Sc diss., Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Centre, University of Reading, August 1985.
Roelofs, K. (1986). Women and Food Production in Zambia. Lusaka: ILO
Safilios-Rothschild, C.(1976) .A Macro And Micro Examination Of Family Power And Love: An Exchange Mode!, in Journal Of Marriage And The Family. pp 355-362
Sjostrom, Margareta (1984). Women in THE LIMA Programme: Constraints and limitations to full participation. Lusaka MAWD. 8PP.
Southhall, Aidan.(1961). Social Change In Modem Africa. Studies Presented And Discussed At The First International Seminar, Makere College, Kampala. London: Oxford University Press.
Srinivas, M.N.(1966). Social Change In Modem India. Los Angeles: University Of Califomia Press.
Todd, D.M. & Shaw, C. (1980). The Informa! Sector and Zambia's Employment Crisis. Journal of Modern African Studies, 18(3) 411-425.
Touwen, Ann.(1990). Socio-Economic Development Of Women In Zambia: An Analysis Of Two Women's Organisation. Leiden: African Studies Centre.
UNESCO. (1963). Women in the .New Asia. Paris. UNESCO
Virji, P. & Meghji, Z. (1987). Studies of Credit Facilities to Women in Tanzania.
Wainaina, Njoka. (N.D). The Situation Of Women's Employment In Eastern And Southern African Region.
Ware. H. (1981). Women, Demography and Development. Canberra: The Australian Nation University.
World Bank. (1993). Gender Issues In Zambia's Economie Development. Human Resources and Poverty Division Technical Department, Africa Region.