Dissertations

Land Reform and Changing Agrarian Labour Processes in Zimbabwe August

Read the book Cite this book Share this book

Authors

CHAMBATI, Walter Spear Simbarashe
stagiaire
DOI: https://doi.org/10.57054/codesria.pub.1627

Keywords:

Land Reform and Changing Agrarian Labour Zimbabwe

Synopsis

This study examines the transformation of the agrarian employment in the former large­ scale
commercial farming sector (LSCF) after the implementation of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme
(FTLRP) by the government of Zimbabwe that redistiibuted over 80 percent of the farms to mostly
landless peasants from the communal areas. The key question posed is whether the transfer of land
from the former large-scale commercial farmers has created or inhibited opportunities for rural
labour to gain incomes and/or livelihoods through self employment as own agricultural producers or
in paid wage work. The study was based on a questionnaire survey administered in newly resettled
households in Zvimba District and secondary data sources. Vaiious statistical tools were utilised
to answer the study's research questions. Firstly, descriptive statistics were used to characterise
the forms of labour that have emerged in the newly resettled areas. Secondly, the Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) test was used to examine the differences in the labour utilisation across the
different farm sizes allocated under the FTLRP. Lastly the Chi-Square test was used to relate
different factors which were thought to affect the utilisation of labour in newly resettled areas.
The study found that FTLRP bas been accompanied by the degree of self employment as own producers
among newly resettled households in the former wage labour market, although some hired in labour.
Hired labour was dominated by casual workers. In comparison to the past scenaiio the size of the
agricultural employment had increased, but new and former farm workers earned unviable wages and
benefits and were thus less protected than those in other LSCF subsectors. There was also
underutilisation and Joss of skills of former farm workers employed in the former LSCF sector.
Larger farms with access to capital equipment such as tractors tended to use more absolute hired
labour and permanent workers per unit of cropped area, whilst the smaller farms utilised more
family and casual labour per unit of cropped area. Across the small and large farms in newly
resettled areas, labour use per unit of cropped area was higher compared to the former LSCF sector.
In conclusion the land reform programme has the potential to generate employment and thus solve the
growing unemployment problem in Zimbabwe, but the capacity of new farmers bas to be enhanced to
fully utilise their land which is still below its potential through the resolution of production
constraints that include finance, skills, input shortages and extension
services.

Statistics

views
37
Downloads
57

Citations

Google Scholar

References

  1. Adams, J. (1991) The Rural Labour Market in Zimbabwe', Development and Change, Vol. 22, p.
  2. -320.
  3. Adams, M. (1995) Land Reform: New Seeds on Old Ground, London: Overseas Development Institute
  4. Working Paper No. 6, October.
  5. Adams, M. (2000). Breaking Ground: Development Aidfor Land Reform, London: Overseas Development
  6. Institute.
  7. Aguilar, F.V. (2005). "Rural Land Struggles in Asia: Overview of Selected Contexts". In
  8. Moyo, S. and P. Yeros (eds), Reclaiming the Land: The Resurgence of Rural Movements in Africa, Asia
  9. and Latin America. London: Zed Books.
  10. Amanor-Wilks, D. (1995) ln Search of Hope for Zimbabwe's Fann Workers. Harare: Dateline Southern
  11. Africa and Panos Institute.
  12. Amanor, K.J. (2002). "Land and Sustainable Development in West Africa". Harare: AIAS Unpublished
  13. mimeo.
  14. Arrighi, G. (1970) 'Labour Supplies in a Historical Perspective: A Study of Proletarianisation of
  15. African Peasantry in Rhodesia', Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 6, No. 3, p. 197-234.
  16. Bardhan, P.K. (1979). "Labour Supply fonctions in a poor agrarian economy". American Economie
  17. Review, Vol. 69, p. 73-83.
  18. Barnum, H.N. and L. Squire (1979). A mode[ of an Agricultural Household: Theory and Evidence. World
  19. Bank Occassional Paper No. 27, Washington DC: World Bank.
  20. Bauer, K. (2000). "Modelling Agricultural Labour Response to Market development during transition".
  21. Working Paper 3/1/2000. Belgium: IDARA.
  22. Besley, T. and R. Burgess (2000). "Land Reform, Poverty Reduction, and Growth: Evidence from India.
  23. Quarterly Journal of Economies, Vol. 115, No. 2, p. 389-430.
  24. Berry, R.A. and W.R. Cline (1979). Agrarian Structure and Productivity in Developing Countries.
  25. Baltimore: John Hopkins.
  26. Bhalla, S. S. and P. Roy (1988) 'Mis-specification in Farm Productivity Analysis: the Role of Land
  27. Quality', Oxford Economie Papers, Vol. 40, p. 55-73.
  28. Binswanger, H. P., K. Deninger and G. Feder (1993) 'Power Distortions, Revoit and Reform in
  29. Agricultural Land Relations', in J. Behram and T. Srinivasan (eds), The Handbook of Development
  30. Economies Vol III. Amsterdam: North Holland.
  31. Bond, P. and M. Manyanya (2003) Zimbabwe's Plunge: Exhausted Nationalism, Neoliberalism and the
  32. Searchfor Social Justice (2ⁿᵈ Edition). Scottsville, London and Harare: University of Natal Press,
  33. Merlin Press and Weaver Press.
  34. Borg, W. and M. Gall (1989). Educational Research: an Introduction (fifth edition). New York:
  35. Longman.
  36. Bourdillon, M. (2000) 'Introduction', in M. Bourdillon(ed), Earning a Life: Working Children in
  37. Zimbabwe, Harare: Weaver Press.
  38. Bradstock, A. (2005a). "Changing Live!ihoods and Land Reform: Evidence from the Northern Cape
  39. Province of South Africa". World Development, Vol. 33, No. 11, p. 1979-1992.
  40. Bradstock, A. (2005b). "Land reform and livelihoods in South Africa's Northern Cape Province". Land
  41. Use Policy, Vol. 23, No. 3, p. 247-259.
  42. van de Brink, R. (2003). "Land Policy and Land Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa: Consensus, Confusion
  43. and Controversy". Draft Research Paper.
  44. van de Brink, R., M. de Klerk and H.P. Binswanger (1996). "Rural Livelihoods, fiscal costs and
  45. financing options: a first attempt at quantifying the implications of
  46. redistributive reform. In van Zyl, J., J. Kirsten and H.P. Binswanger (eds), Agricultural
  47. Land Reform in South Africa: Policies, Markets and Mechanisms. Cape Town: Oxford Press.
  48. Bryceson, D. (1999) 'African Rural Labour, Income Diversification and Livelihood Approaches: A
  49. Long-Term Development Perspective', Review of African Political Economy 80, p. 171- 189.
  50. Bryant, C. (1998). "Property Rights for the Rural Poor: the Challenge of Landlessness.
  51. Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 52, p. 181-200.
  52. Bush, R. (2002), 'Land Reform and Counter-Revolution', In Bush, R. (ed) Counter Revolution in
  53. Egypt's Countryside: Land and Farmers in the Era of Economie Reform. London: Zed Books.
  54. Centre for Development Enterprise (2008). "Land Reform in South Africa: Getting Back on Track".
  55. Johannesburg: Abridged CDE Research No. 16.
  56. Chambati, W. and S. Moyo (2003) 'The Political Economy of Agricultural Labour and Land Reform',
  57. Harare: African Institute for Agrarian Studies mimeo.
  58. Chambati, W. and S. Moyo (forthcoming) The Political Economy of Farm Workers in New
  59. Resettlement Areas, AIAS Monograph Series, Harare: African Institute for Agrarian Studies.
  60. Chambati, W. and G. Magaramombe (2008) 'An Abandoned Question: Farm Workers', in S. Moyo, K.
  61. Helliker and T. Murisa (eds), Contested Terrain: Civil Society and Land Reform in Contemporary
  62. Zimbabwe._ Johannesburg: SS Publishing.
  63. Clarke, D. G. (1977) Agricultural and Plantation Workers in Rhodesia. Gwelo: Mambo Press.
  64. Cliffe, L. (2000). "Land Reform in South Africa". Review of African Political Ecorwmy, No. 84,
  65. p. 273-286
  66. Chong, Ho Yu (2003). Misconceived relationships between logical positivism and quantitative
  67. research. Research Methods Forum, http://www.aom.pace.edu/rmd/2002fourm.html.
  68. Coleman, D. and T. Young (1989). Principles of Agricultural Economies: Markets and
  69. Prices in Less Developed Countries. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  70. CSO (1984) Indicator Monitoring Labour Force Survey. Harare: Govemment Printers.
  71. CSO (l992)Zimbabwe National Census 1992, Harare: Govemment Printers. CSO (1998) Statistical
  72. Yearbook 1997, Harare: Govemment Printers.
  73. CSO (2001). Agricultural Production on Large Scale Commercial Farms. Harare: Government Printers.
  74. CSO (2002) Zimbabwe National Census 2002, Harare: Government Printers.
  75. DLA (1997). White Paper on South African Land Policy. Department of Land Affairs: Pretoria. Davies,
  76. R. (2004). 'Memories of Underdevelopment: A Persona! Interpretation of
  77. Zimbabwe's Economie Decline'. In Zimbabwe. Injustice and Politica! Reconciliation,
  78. Raftopolous, B. and T. Savage. Cape Town: Institute for Justice and Reconciliation.
  79. Deininger, K. (1999). "Making Negotiated Land Reform Work: Initial experience from Columbia, Brazil
  80. and South Africa". World Development, Vol. 27, No. 4, p. 651-672.
  81. Dorner, P. (1972) Land Reform and Economie Development, Middlesex, Baltimore and Ringwood: Penguin
  82. Books.
  83. Dorner, P. and D. Kanel (1971). "The economic case for land reform: employment,
  84. income distribution, and productivity". In Dorner (ed), Land Economies Monograph
  85. Series, No 3. Madison: Land Economies for the Land Tenure Centre at the University of Wisconsin
  86. Ellis, F. (1992)Agricultural Policies inDeveloping Countries, Cambridge, New York, New Rochelle,
  87. Melbourne and Sydney: Cambridge University Press.
  88. Ellis, F. (1993) Peasant Economies: Farm Households and Agrarian Development, Cambridge, New York,
  89. New Rochelle, Melbourne and Sydney: Cambridge University Press.
  90. Eckert, J. (1996). "Fifty Hectares and Freedom: Field Crops Options for Small-Scale Farmers in the
  91. Western Cape. In Lipton, M., M. de Klerk and M. Lipton (eds), Land, Labour and Livelihoods in Rural
  92. South Africa, Volume One: Western Cape. Durban: Indicator Press.
  93. Ehrenberg, R.G. and R. Smith (1991). Modern Labour Economies: theory and public policy (4ᵗʰ
  94. edition). New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc.
  95. Evenson, R. and H.P. Binswanger (1984). "Estimating labour demand functions for Indian agriculture.
  96. In Binswanger H.P. and M.R. Rosenzweig (eds), Contractual
  97. Arrangements, Employment and Wages in Rural Labour Markets in Asia. New Haven: Yale University
  98. Press.
  99. FCTZ (2000) 'Survey of Commercial Farm Worker Characteristics and Living Conditions', Harare: FTCZ
  100. unpublished mimeo.
  101. FCTZ (2001) 'The Impact of Land Reform on Commercial Farm Workers' Livelihoods', Harare: FCTZ
  102. rnimeo.
  103. FCTZ (2002) 'Assessment of the Impact of Land Reform Programme on Commercial Farm Worker
  104. Livelihoods', Harare: FCTZ mimeo.
  105. FEWSNET (2005) 'Urban Food Security Remains C1itical',
  106. www.fews.net/centers/innerSections.aspx?f=zw&m=1001680&pagelD=monthliesDoc Flanagan, R., R. Smith
  107. and R.G. Ehrenberg (1989). Labour Economies and Labour
  108. Relations. Illinois and London: Scott, Foresman and Company.
  109. Frohberg, K. (1994). "An Assessment of the effect of a reforrri on the Common
  110. Agricultural Policy on labour income and outflow". In European commission (eds), The economics of
  111. the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP): European Economy Reports and Studies, No. 5, p. 180-206.
  112. de Janvry, A (1981) 'The Role of Land Reform in Economie Development: Policies and Politics',
  113. American Journal of Agricultural Economies, May, p. 384-392.
  114. Gandure, S. and N. Marongwe (2006) 'Knowledge Review and Gap Analysis Report: Hunger and
  115. Vulnerability in Zimbabwe', Johannesburg: Regional Hunger Vulnerability Programme.
  116. Gephart, R. (1999). Paradigms and Research Methods. Research Methods Forum,
  117. http://www.aom.pace.edu/rmd/2000fourm.html.
  118. Giddens, A (1978). "Positivism and its critics". In Bottomore T. and R. Nisbet (eds). A
  119. History of Sociological Analysis. New York: Basic Books.
  120. Glick, P. (1999) 'Simultaneous Determination of Home Work and Market Work of Women in Urban West
  121. Africa' Oxford Bulletin of Economies and Statistics, 61 (1).
  122. Goz, (1980). "Resettlement Policies and Procedures". Harare: Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and
  123. Rural Development.
  124. Goz (1981) National Manpower Survey 1981 Vol. 1., Harare: Government Printers, p 49. GoZ (1982).
  125. Transitional Development Plan, 1982-1985. Harare: Government Printers.
  126. Goz (1991). Frameworkfor Economie Reform, 1991-1995. Harare: Government Printers

Downloads

Dissertation complet

Published

July 4, 2023

Language

English

Series

Dissertations
Copyright (c) 2023 CODESRIA Books Publication System

Details about this monograph

Physical Dimensions

Cite this book

APA Simbarashe, C. W. S. (2023). Land Reform and Changing Agrarian Labour Processes in Zimbabwe August. CODESRIA. https://doi.org/10.57054/codesria.pub.1627

For LaTeX, JabRef For Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote

Share this book

Send by email WhatsApp LinkedIn X Facebook

More in this series

See all