From ‘Foreign Natives’ to ‘Native Foreigners’ Explaining Xenophobia in Post-apartheid South Africa, Citizenship and Nationalism, Identity and Politics
##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##
https://doi.org/10.57054/codesria.pub.125
Mots-clés :
Foreign Natives, Native Foreigners, Post-apartheid, South Africa, XenophobiaSynopsis
CODESRIA, 2010, 172 p. ISBN 2-86978-307-2
The events of May 2008 in which 62 people were killed simply for being ‘foreign’ and thousands were turned overnight into refugees shook the South African nation. This book is the first to attempt a comprehensive and rigorous explanation for those horrific events. It argues that xenophobia should be understood as a political discourse and practice. As such its historical development as well as the conditions of its existence must be elucidated in terms of the practices and prescriptions which structure the field of politics. In South Africa, the history of xenophobia is intimately connected to the manner in which citizenship has been conceived and fought over during the past fifty years at least. Migrant labour was de-nationalized by the apartheid state, while African nationalism saw the same migrant labour as the foundation of that oppressive system. Only those wo could show a family connection with the colonial and apartheid formation of South Africa could claim citizenship at liberation. Others were excluded and seen as unjustified claimants to national resources. Xenophobia’s conditions of existence, the book argues, are to be found in the politics of post-apartheid nationalism where state prescriptions founded on indigeneity have been allowed to dominate uncontested in conditions of an overwhelmingly passive conception of citizenship. The de-politicization of an urban population, which had been able to assert its agency during the 1980s through a discourse of human rights in particular, contributed to this passivity. Such state liberal politics have remained largely unchallenged. As in other cases of post-colonial transition in Africa, the hegemony of xenophobic discourse, the book contends, is to be sought in the specific character of the state consensus.
Téléchargements
Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.
Références
Abahlali baseMjondolo 2008, ‘Statement on the Xenophobic Attacks in Johannesburg’ Wednesday May 21st. http://abahlali.org
Abrahamsson, H. and Nilsson, A., 1995, Mozambique, the Troubled Transition: from Socialist Construction to Free-market Capitalism, London: Zed Books.
Adelzadeh, A. and Padayashee, V., 1994, 'The RDP White Paper: Reconstruction of a Devel- opment Vision', Transformation, no. 25.
African National Congress (ANC), 1969, Strategy and Tactics of the African National Con- gress, adopted at the 1969 Morogoro Conference, Tanzania.
African National Congress, 1994, The Reconstruction and Development Programme, Johannes- burg: Umanyano Publications.
African National Congress, 2001a, 'ANC Policy on Xenophobia, Xenophobia: Intolerance Towards Fellow Africans must be Tackled', ANC Today, Vol. 1, No. 31 August.
African National Congress, 2001b, 'Zandspruit Attacks', ANC Today, Vol. 1, No. 40, 26 October.
Amisi, B. and Ballard, R., 2005, 'In the Absence of Citizenship: Congolese Refugee Struggle and Organisation in South Africa', A case study for the UKZN Project entitled: Globalisation, Marginalisation and New Social Movements in post-Apartheid South Africa,University of Kwazulu-Natal.
Alexander, J., 1993, 'Things Fall Apart, The Centre Can Hold: Processes of Postwar Political Change in Zimbabwe's Rural Areas' in Lauridsen, L. S., ed., Bringing Institutions Back In - The Role of Institutions in Civil Society, State and Economy, Roskilde University, International Development Studies, Occasional Paper No.8.
Althusser, L., 1971, 'Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses' in L. Althusser, Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, London: New Left Books.
Baskin, J., ed., 1996, Against the Current: Labour and Economic Policy in South Africa, Johannesburg: Ravan Press.
Beinart, W. and C. Bundy, 1980, 'State Intervention and Rural Resistance: the Transkei, 1900- 1965', in M. A. Klein, ed., Peasants in Africa, Beverly Hills: Sage.
Beinart, W. and C. Bundy, 1987, Hidden Struggles in Rural South Africa, London: James Currey.
Bensaïd, D., 2005, 'La Revolution Francaise Refoulée', Manière de Voir, 82, August-September.
Bond, P., 2000, Elite Transition: from apartheid to neoliberalism in South Africa, London: Pluto Press, Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press.
Bradford, H., 1987, A Taste of Freedom, the ICU in Rural South Africa, 1924-1930, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Bundy, C., 1988, The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry, London: James Currey.
Canguilhem, G., 1991, The Normal and the Pathological, New York: Zone Books.
Central Bank of Lesotho, 1993, Annual Report 1992, Maseru: Central Bank of Lesotho.
Central Bank of Lesotho,1995, Survey of Migrant Workers Attitudes to Permanent Residence in RSA, Maseru: September.
Chaskalson, M., 1987, 'Rural Resistance in the 1940s and 1950s', Africa Perspective, New Series Vol. 5 & 6 December.
Chatterjee, P., 2004, The Politics of the Governed: Reflections on Popular Politics in Most of the World, New York: Columbia University Press.
Cohen, S., 2001, States of Denial, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Coleman, M., 1998, A Crime Against Humanity: Analysing the Repression of the Apartheid State, Cape Town: David Philip.
Collins, D., 1994, 'Worker Control', South African Labour Bulletin, vol. 18, No. 3, July.
Comaroff, J. and Comaroff, J., 2001, 'Naturing the Nation: Aliens, Apocalypse and the Postcolonial State', Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 27, No. 3, September.
Constitutional Assembly, 1996, Constitution of the Republic of South Africa as adopted by the Constitutional Assembly on 8 May 1996.
Constitutional Court (of South Africa), 2004, Khosa and Others v Minister of Social Devel- opment, Media Summary, CCT 12/03.
Coplan, D., 1994, In the Time of Cannibals: the word music of South Africa's Basotho migrants, Chicago: University Press.
Coplan, D. 2008, ‘Crossing Borders’ in S. Hassim et al. (eds.) Go Home or die Here: Violence, Xenophobia and the Reinvention of Difference in South Africa, Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Coplan, D. and T. Thoahlane, 1995, 'Motherless Households, Landless Farms: employment patterns among Lesotho migrants', in Crush,
J. and W. James, eds.,1995, Crossing Bounda- ries: mine migrancy in a democratic South Africa, IDASA/IDRC.
Cowen, M. and B. Shenton, 1996, Doctrines of Development, London: Routledge.
Crush, J. and James, W., 1991, 'Depopulating the Compounds: Migrant Labour and Mine Housing in South Africa', World Development, Vol. 19, No. 4.
Crush, J. and James, W., eds., 1995, Crossing Boundaries: Mine Migrancy in a Democratic South Africa, IDASA/IDRC.
Crush, J. and Pendleton, 2004, 'Regionalizing Xenophobia? Citizen Attitudes to Im- migration and Refugee Policy in Southern Africa', SAMP: Migration Policy Series No. 30, http://www.queensu.ca/samp.
Crush, J. and Peberdy, S., n.d., 'Criminal Tendencies: Immigrants and Illegality in South Africa', Migration Policy Brief, No. 10, SAMP.
Danso, R. and McDonald, D., 2000, 'Writing Xenophobia: Immigration and the Press in Post-apartheid South Africa', Migration Policy Series No. 17, SAMP.
Davies, R. and Head, J., 1995, 'The Future of Mine Migrancy in the Context of Broader Trends in Migration in Southern Africa', Journal of Southern African Studies, vol. 21, No. 3.
Delius, P., 1990, 'Migrants, Comrades and Rural Revolt: Sekhukhuneland 1950-1987', Trans- formation No. 13.
De Vletter, F., 1985, 'Recent Trends and Prospects of Black Migration to South Africa',Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 23, No. 4.
Edgar, Robert, 1983, Prophets with Honour: A Documentary History of the Lekhotla la Bafo, Johannesburg: Ravan Press.
Englund, H., 2004, 'Transnational Governance and the Pacification of Youth: The Contri- bution of Civic Education to Disempowerment in Malawi', CCS Research Report No. 13, Durban.
Erasmus, Z., 2005, 'Race and Identity in the Nation' in J. Daniel, R. Southall and J. Lutchman, eds, State of the Nation, South Africa: 2004-2005, Cape Town: HSRC.
Evans, I., 2003, 'Native Administration and the Transition from Segregation to Apartheid', in C.
Crais, ed., The Culture of Power in Southern Africa: Essays on State Formation and the Political Imagination, Portsmouth: Heinemann.
Fanon, F., 1989, Studies in a Dying Colonialism, London: Earthscan. Fanon, F, 1990, The Wretched of the Earth, London: Penguin.
First, R., 1983, Black Gold, Brighton: Harvester Press.
Friedman, S. and Reitzes, M., 1996, 'Democratisation or Bureaucratisation? Civil Society, the Public Sphere and the State in Post-apartheid South Africa', Transformation No. 29.
Fullard, M. and Rousseau, N., 2003, 'An Imperfect Past: the Truth and Reconciliation Com- mission in Transition', in J. Daniel, A. Habib, and R. Southall, eds., State of the Nation, South Africa 2003-2004, Cape Town: HSRC.
Gay, J., 1997, 'Riding the Tiger: Lesotho Miners and Attitudes to Permanent Residence in South Africa', SAMP Policy Studies No. 2, IDRC, Canada.
Geschiere P. and F. Nyamnjoh, 2000, 'Capitalism and Autochthony: The Seesaw of Mobility and Belonging', Public Culture, Vol. 12, No. 2.
Glaser, D., 2008, '(Dis)connections : Elite and Popular "Common Sense" on the Matter of Foreigners'" in S. Hassim et al. (op.cit.).
Gourevitch, P., 1998, We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda, London: Picador.
Harber, A. 2008, ‘Two Newspapers, Two Nations? The Media and the Xenophobic Vio- lence’ in S. Hassim et al., (op.cit.).
Harris, B., 2001, 'A Foreign Experience: Violence, Crime and Xenophobia During South Africa's Transition', Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, Violence and Transition Series, Vol. 5, August, http://www.csvr.org.za/papers/papvtp5.htm.
Hassim, S., 1999, 'From Presence to Power: Women's Citizenship in a New Democracy',Agenda, No. 40.
Hassim, S. et al. (eds.) 2008, Go Home or Die Here: Violence, Xenophobia and the Reinvention of Difference in South Africa, Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Hindson, D, 1987, Pass Controls and the Urban African Proletariat, Johannesburg: Ravan.
Hirson, B., 1989, Yours for the Union: Class and Community Struggles in South Africa, 1930-1947, Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand Press.
Hornberger, J. 2008, “Policing Xenophobia – Xenophobic Policing: A Clash of Legiti- macy” in S. Hassim et al., (op.cit.).
Human Rights Watch, 1998, '"Prohibited Persons": Abuse of Undocumented Migrants, Asylum Seekers, and Refugees in South Africa',
New York: Human Rights Watch.
Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) 2008, Citizenship, Violence and Xenophobia in South Africa: Perceptions from South African Communities, Democracy and Governance Research Programme, HSRC June.
Isaacman, A., 1990, 'Peasants and Rural Social Protest in Africa', African Studies Review, Vol. 33, No. 2.
James, W., 1997, Draft Green Paper on International Migration, Presented to the South African Minister of Home affairs, 13 May.
Johnston, D., 1996, 'The State and Development: An Analysis of Agricultural Policies in Lesotho, 1970-1993', Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 22, No. 1, March.
Krenshaw, K., 2000, 'Were the Critics Right about Rights? Reassessing the American Debate About Rights in the Post-reform Era', in M. Mamdani, ed., Beyond Rights Talk and Culture Talk, Cape Town: David Philip.
Kriger, N., 1991, 'Popular Struggles in Zimbabwe's War of National Liberation', in P. Kaarsholm, ed., Cultural Struggles and Development in Southern Africa, London: James Currey.
Kriger, N., 1992, Zimbabwe's Guerrilla War: Peasant Voices, Cambridge: CUP. Lacey, M., 1981, Working for Boroko, Johannesburg: Ravan.
Lambert, R., and Webster, E., 1988, 'The Re-emergence of Political Unionism in Contem- porary South Africa', in Cobbett, W. and R. Cohen, eds., 1988.
Lan, D., 1985, Guns and Rain: Guerillas and Spirit Mediums in Zimbabwe, Harare: Zimbabwe Publishing House.
Landau. L. 2008, ‘The Meaning of Living in South Africa: Violence, Condemnation and Community After 5-11’ Migration Studies Working Paper Series # 39, FMSP, University of the Witwatersrand http://migration.org.za
Landau, L. and H. Haithar 2007, ‘Somalis Are Easy Prey’ Mail and Guardian, March 6th, 2007.
Landau, L. and V. Gindrey 2008, Migration and Population Trends in Gauteng Province, 1996- 2055, Migration Studies Working Paper Series #42 Forced Migration Studies Program University of the Witwatersrand http://migration.org.za
Lawyers for Human Rights, 2004, Seminar on Regional Integration, Migration and Poverty, http://www.lhr.org.za/refugee/publics/sem0204.
Lazarus, S., 1996, Anthropologie du Nom, Paris: Seuil.
Legassick, M. and H. Wolpe, 1976, 'The Bantustans and Capital Accumulation in South Africa', Review of African Political Economy, no. 7.
Lesotho Bureau of Statistics, 1987, Household Budget Survey 1987, Maseru: Bureau of Statistics.
Levin, R. and M. Neocosmos, 1989, 'The Agrarian Question and Class Contradictions in South Africa: Some Theoretical Considerations', Journal of Peasant Studies, 16, 2 January.
Levin, R. and D. Weiner, 1994, 'Community Perspectives on Land and Agrarian Reform in South Africa', Final project report prepared for MacArthur Foundation, Chicago, Illinois.
Lipton, M., 1986, Capitalism and Apartheid, Cape Town: David Philip.
Lodge, T. et al., 1991, All Here and Now: Black Politics in South Africa in the 1980s, Cape Town: Ford Foundation, David Phillip.
Mamdani, M., 1987, 'Contradictory Class Perspectives on the Question of Democracy: the case of Uganda' in P. Anyang' Nyong'o, ed., Popular Struggles for Democracy in Africa,London: Zed Books.
Marais, H., 1998, South Africa, Limits to Change: the Political Economy of Transformation, London: Zed Books, Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.
Maré, G., 1983, 'Africans Under Apartheid in the 1980s', South African Review, 1, Johannes- burg: Ravan.
Marks, S., 1986, The Ambiguities of Dependence in South Africa: Class, Nationalism and the State in Twentieth Century Natal,
Johannesburg: Ravan.
Marks, S., 1989, 'Patriotism, Patriarchy and Purity: Natal and the Politics of Zulu Ethnic Consciousness', in Vail, L., ed., 1989.
Marshall, T. S., 1964, Class, Citizenship and Social Development, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Mathiane, N., 1986, 'The Strange Feeling of Taking Control', Frontline, Vol. 6, No. 7.
Marx, A. W., 1992, Lessons of Struggle: South African Internal Opposition, 1960-1990, Cape Town: Oxford.
Marx, K., 1844, 'On the Jewish Question', Marx and Engels Collected Works, Vol. 3, London: Lawrence and Wishart.
Masuku, T., 2006, ‘Targetting Foreigners: Xenophobia Among Johannesburg’s Police’ Crime Quarterly, Number 15.
Mattes, R. et al., 1999, 'Still Waiting for the Barbarians: SA Attitudes to Immigrants and Immigration', Migration Policy Series No. 14, SAMP.
Maxwell, D. J., 1993, 'Local Politics and the War of Liberation in North-east Zimbabwe',Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol.19, No. 3, September.
Mbeki, G., 1996, Sunset at Midday, Braamfontein: Nolwazi Educational Publishers.
Murray, C., 1981, Families Divided: The Impact of Migrant Labour in Lesotho, Johannesburg: Ravan Press.
Naidoo, J., 1986, 'Building People's Power: A Working Class Perspective', Speech at Grassroots Conference, 5 April.
Neocosmos, M., 1987, 'Homogeneity and Differences on Swazi Nation Land', in Neocosmos, M., ed., Social Relations in Rural Swaziland: Critical Analyses, SSRU: UNISWA.
Neocosmos, M., 1993a, 'The Agrarian Question in Southern Africa and "Accumulation from Below": Economics and Politics in the Struggle for Democracy', Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.
Neocosmos, M., 1993b, 'Towards a Political Economy of Adjustment in a Labour Reserve Economy: The Case of Lesotho', in P. Gibbon, ed., Social Change and Political Reform in Africa, Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.
Neocosmos, M., 1995, 'Towards a History of Nationalities in Southern Africa', Working Paper 95. 6, Centre for Development Research, Copenhagen.
Neocosmos, M. and Selinyane, N., 1996, 'Labour Migration and Citizenship in Southern Africa: An Analytical Review' Paper presented at the seminar on Constitutionalism and Citizenship in Africa, NAI, Uppsala, Sweden and Institute of Diplomacy and Interna- tional Studies, University of Nairobi, 13-16 December.
Neocosmos, M., 1998, 'From People's Politics to State Politics: Aspects of National Libera- tion in South Africa', in A. Olukoshi, ed., The Politics of Opposition in Contemporary Africa,Uppsala: NAI.
Olukoshi, A. O. and Laakso, L., eds., 1996, Challenges to the Nation State in Africa, Nordic African Institute and IDS, University of Helsinki.
O'Meara, D., 1983, Volkskapitalisme: Class, Capital and Ideology in the Development of Afrikaner Nationalism 1934-1948, Johannesburg: Ravan.
Orkin, M., 1995, 'Building Democracy in the New South Africa: Civil Society, Citizenship and Political Ideology', Review of African Political Economy, No. 66.
Quinlan, T., 1986, 'The Tribal Paradigm and Ethnic Nationalism: A Case Study of Political Structures in Qwaqwa', Transformation No. 2.
Pae, Tiisetso, 1992, 'Labour Migration and the Differentiation of the Peasantry in a Lesotho Village', B.Ed. Dissertation, National University of Lesotho.
Peberdy, S. A. and Crush, J., 1998, 'Rooted in Racism: The Origins of the Aliens Control Act', in J. Crush, ed., Beyond Control: Immigration and Human Rights in a Democratic South Africa, Cape Town: IDASA.
Pithouse, R., 2008, ‘Elections: A Dangerous Time for Poor People’s Movements in South Africa’, The South African Civil Society Information Service, http://sacsis.org.za/site/arti- cle/245.1
Rachik, H., 2000, 'Les Usages politiques des notions de tribu et de nation au Maroc', Identity, Culture and Politics: An Afro-Asian Dialogue, Vol. 1, No. 1.
Ramphele, M., 1993, A Bed Called Home, Cape Town: David Philip.
Ranger, T., 1985a, Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla War in Zimbabwe, Harare: Zimbabwe Publishing House.
Republic of South Africa, 1995, President's Office: South African Citizenship Act, 1995. Republic of South Africa, Department of Home Affairs, Circular Number 9, 1995.
Republic of South Africa, 1996, Restructuring the Labour Market: Report of the Presidential Commission to Investigate Labour Market Policy (South African Labour Market Commission Report).
Republic of South Africa, 1999, Draft White Paper on International Migration.
Roy, A., 2008, 'The Monster in the Mirror' The Guardian, December 13th, http://guardian.co.uk/world/2008/dec/12/mumbai-arundhati-roy
Saint-Just, A. L., 2004, 'Essai de Constitution', in Oeuvres Complètes, Paris: Gallimard.
SADC (Southern African Development Community), 1995, Draft Protocol on the Free Movement of Persons in the SADC Region, June.
SAMP (Southern African Migration Project), 2001a, 'The South African White Paper on International Migration: An Analysis and Critique', Migration Policy Brief, No. 1, SAMP.
SAMP, 2001b, 'The New South African Immigration Bill: A Legal Analysis', Migration Policy Brief No. 2, SAMP.
SAMP, 2001c, 'Making Up the Numbers: Measuring "Illegal Immigration" to South Africa', Migration Policy Brief No. 3, SAMP.
SAMP, 2002, 'Transnationalism and African Immigration to South Africa, Migration Policy', Brief No. 9, SAMP.
SAMP, n.d., 'Criminal Tendencies: Immigrants and Illegality in South Africa', Migration Policy Brief No. 10, SAMP.
SAMP, 2004, 'Policing Migration: Immigration Enforcement and Human Rights in South Africa', Migration Policy Brief No.14, SAMP.
SAMP, 2008 The Perfect Storm: The Realities of Xenophobia in Contemporary South Africa, SAMP: Migration Policy Series No. 50.
Saul, J. and Gelb, S., 1986, The Crisis in South Africa, London: Zed Books.
Schmidt, E., 1990, 'Negotiated Spaces and Contested Terrain: Men, Women, and the Law in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1890-1939', Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 16, No. 4, December.
Sechaba Consultants, 1996, Interviews with Miners in Welkom, 27 August 1996.
Seekings, J., 1989, 'People's Courts and Popular Politics', in Moss, G. and I. Obery , eds,South African Review 5, Johannesburg: Ravan.
Seekings, J., 2000, The UDF: A History of the United Democratic Front of South Africa 1983-1991, London: James Currey.
Sichone, O., 2001, 'The Making of Makwerekwere: East Africans in Cape Town', Paper for the workshop Interrogating the New Political Culture in Southern Africa: Ideas and Institutions, Harare, Sheraton Hotel, 13-15 June.
Sichone, O. 2008, ‘Xenophobia and Xenophilia in South Africa: African Migrants in Cape Town’ in P. Werbner (ed.) Anthropology and the New Cosmopolitanism: Rooted, Feminist and Vernacular Perspectives, Oxford: Berg Publishers.
Sisulu, Z., 1986, 'People's Education for People's Power', Transformation, No. 1.
Slovo, J., 1976, 'South Africa: no middle road', in Davidson, B. et al., Southern Africa: The New Politics of Revolution, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
South African Human Rights Commission, 1999, 'Report into the Arrest and Detention of Persons in Terms of the Aliens Control Act', Johannesburg: South African Human Rights Commission.
South African Human Rights Commission, 2000, 'Lindela at the Crossroads for Detention and Repatriation: An Assessment of the Conditions of Detention by the South African Human Rights Commission', Johannesburg: December.
South African Institute of Race Relations, 1986, Race Relations Survey, 1985, Johannesburg: SAIRR.
Suttner, R. and Cronin, J., 1986, Thirty Years of the Freedom Charter, Johannesburg: Ravan.
Swilling, M., 1984, 'Workers Divided: a critical assessment of the split in MAWU on the East Rand', South African Labour Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 1, August/September.
Swilling, M., 1988, 'The United Democratic Front and Township Revolt', in Cobbett, W. and Cohen, R., eds, Popular Struggles in South Africa, London: James Currey.
Tshitereke, C., 1999, 'Xenophobia and Relative Deprivation', Crossings, Vol.3, No. 2. United Democratic Front, 1985, Isizwe, the Nation, Vol. 1, No. 1.
United Democratic Front, 1986, Isizwe, the Nation, Vol. 1, No. 2.
United Democratic Front, Cape Town Area Committee, 1986, 'Broadening the Base', Discussion Document.
Union Government of South Africa, (UGSA), 1932, Report of the Native Economic Commis- sion, 1930-1932, Pretoria, UG 22 1932.
Vail, L. and White, L., 1980, Capitalism and Colonialism in Mozambique, London.
Téléchargements
##catalog.published##
juin 3, 2010
Séries
(c) Tous droits réservés CODESRIA Books Publication System 2010
