Post-war Regimes and State Reconstruction in Liberia and Sierra Leone

Auteurs-es

Amadu Sesay
Charles Ukeje
Osman Gbla
Olawale Ismail
##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName## https://doi.org/10.57054/codesria.pub.136

Synopsis

The shocks of the unexpected outbreak of violent internal armed conflicts in post Cold War West Africa continue to linger in policy and academic circles. While considerable attention is devoted to explaining the civil wars, there is little understanding of the delicate and unpredictable processes of reconstruction. Post-war reconstruction programmes in Africa have become, by and large, externally driven processes; and while externalization may not be negative per se, it is important to interrogate how such intervention recognizes and interacts with local dynamics, and how it manipulates and conditions the outcomes of post-conflict reconstruction agenda. Investigating the interface between power elite, the nature of post-war regimes and the pattern which post-war reconstruction takes is important both for theory and practice.

This original study, by some of West Africa’s leading scholars, interrogates post-war reconstruction processes in the twin West African countries of Liberia and Sierra Leone, focusing on the effects of regime types on the nature, scope, success or failure of their post-war reconstruction efforts.

Political scientists, diplomats, the international community, donor and humanitarian agencies, advocacy groups, the United Nations and its agencies, would find it an important resource in dealing with countries emerging from protracted violence and civil war.

Téléchargements

Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.

Bibliographies de l'auteur-e

Amadu Sesay

Professor of International Relations at the Obafemi Awolowo
University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, attended the London School of Economics and
Political Science. He was Director of the CODESRIA Child and Youth Institute
in 2003; Claude Ake Visiting Professor, Department of Peace and Conflict
Research, University of Uppsala, 2005; and Visiting Professor, Centre d’Etudes
Afrique Noire, Bordeaux, October-November 2006. Professor Sesay headed
the Department of International Relations, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-
Ife, Nigeria, from July 2000 to August 2006. His research interests include African
politics, security and conflict studies and he has authored several books,
monographs, book chapters and journal articles in these areas. His most recent
publications are: Small Arms and Light Weapons Proliferation and Collection in the
Niger Delta, Nigeria (2006), edited with Antonia Simbine, and Does One Size Fit
All? The Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission Revisited (Nordic Africa
Institute 2007).

Charles Ukeje

is a Reader in International Relations at Obafemi Awolowo
University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. He won the Mary Kingsley Zochonis Lecture Award
of the Royal African Society in 2004 and, the following year, was the Leventis
Cooperation Visiting Research Scholar at the Centre for African Studies, SOAS,
UK. He was on sabattical, from September 2007, as Lecturer in African Politics
and Development at the Department of International Development, Queen
Elizabeth House, University of Oxford. His most recent major work is a coedited
book titled The Crisis of the State and Regionalism in West Africa: Identity,
Citizenship and Conflict (CODESRIA 2005).

Osman Gbla

holds a doctorate from Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra
Leone, where he also served as Head of the Department of Political Science
and Acting Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Law. He is also the
founder of the Centre for Development and Security Analysis (CEDSA) in
Freetown, Sierra Leone. Dr Gbla was one of the lead consultants that prepared
the Sierra Leone Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and the Sierra Leone
Vision 2025. His research interests include conflict and post-conflict peace
building, governance, regional security and security sector reform, focusing
prelim.pmd especially on West Africa. He has published extensively in these areas and is a
member of many research networks, including the Nordic Africa Institute
Programme on Post-Conflict Transitions in Africa, and the Stockholm
International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) project on Military Expenditures.

Olawale Ismail

Studies at the University of Bradford, UK, after receiving a Masters degree in International
Relations from Cambridge University (2001) and a Bachelors degree from Obafemi Awolowo University,
Ile-Ife, Nigeria (1999). He is cur- rently a Research Associate of the Project on Youth
Vulnerability and Exclusion in Africa with the Conflict, Security and Development Group,
International Policy Institute at King’s College, London. Dr. Ismail’s research interests and
expertise include DDR and post-war reconstruction, security sector reform, youth and child
soldiers, political violence and terrorism, conflict and security
analysis, and military expenditure.

Références

A Report on the Second Annual ZIF/ KAIPTC ( Kofi Anan International Peacekeeping Centre) Seminar on Post-Conflict Peace building and national Ownership : Meeting the Challenges of Sierra Leone, held at the KAIPTC , Accra, Ghana, 1-3 September 2005.

Abdullah, I., 2004, Between Democracy and Terror in Sierra Leone Civil War, Dakar: CODESRIA.

Abdullah, I. and Bangura, Y., 1997, ‘Lumpen Culture and Political Violence: The Sierra Leone Civil War’, Africa Development, Vol. XXII, Nos. 3&4.

Addison, T., 1998, ‘Underdevelopment, Transition and Reconstruction in Sub-Saharan Africa’,Research for Action 45, Helsinki: UNU/WIDER.

Addison, T., 2001, ‘From Conflict to Reconstruction’, Discussion Paper, 2001/16, Helsinki: UNU/WIDER.

Addison, T., 2003, Africa’s Recovery from Conflict: Making Peace Work for the Poor, Helsinki: UNU/WIDER.

Addison, T. and Murshed, S. M., 2001, ‘From Conflict to Reconstruction: Reviving the Social Contract’, Discussion Paper, No. 2001/48, Helsinki: UNU-WIDER.

Adedeji, A., ed., 1999, Comprehending and Mastering African Conflicts, London and New York: Zed Books.

Adejumobi, S., 2007, ‘Regional Institutions, Peace building and Democratisation in Africa’, in C. Norberg and C. Obi, eds., Reconciling Winners and Losers in Post-Conflict Elections in West Africa: Political and Policy Imperatives, Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.

Ake, C., 1981, A Political Economy of Africa, Nigeria: Longman. Ake, C., 1985, Political Economy of Nigeria, Nigeria: Longman.

Ake, C., 2000a, The Feasibility of Democracy in Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA.

Ake, C., 2000b, ‘The State in Contemporary Africa’ in O. Nnoli, ed., Government and Politics in Africa: A Reader, Harare: AAPS.

Akpan, M. B., 1973, ‘Black Imperialism: Americo-Liberian Rule over the African Peoples of Liberia, 1841-1964’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, Vol. 7, No.2, pp. 217 –236.

Alao, A. and Ero, C., 2001, ‘Cut Short for Taking Short Cuts: The Lome Peace Agreement on Sierra Leone’, Civil Wars, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 117–134.

Alie, J. A. D., 2000, ‘Background to the Conflict (1961-1991): What Went Wrong and Why’, in A.

Ayissi and R. E. Poulton, eds., Bound to Cooperate: Conflict, Peace and People in Sierra Leone, 19, Geneva: UNIDIR.

Amnesty International, 2007, Truth, Justice and Reparation for Liberia’s Victims, New York: AFR34/001/2007.

Bayart, J. F., 1993, The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly, London and New York: Longman.

Bayart, J. F. and Ellis, S., 1999, The Criminalization of the State in Africa, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Boley, G. E Saigbe, 1983, Liberia: The Rise and Fall of the First Republic, London: Macmillan.

Boyce, J., 2002, ‘Aid Conditionality as a Tool for Peace Building: Opportunities and Constraints’, Development and Change, Vol. 33, No. 5.

Chabal, P. and Daloz, J., 1999, Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument, Oxford: James

Currey. Chazan, N., et al., 1999, Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa, third edition, Boulder:

Lynne Rienner.

Clapham, C., 1976, Liberia and Sierra Leone: An Essay in Comparative Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Clapham, C., 1998, ‘Analyzing African Insurgencies’ in C. Clapham, ed., African Guerillas, Oxford: James Currey.

Collier, P., 2000, ‘Doing Well out of War: An Economic Perspective’, in M. Berdal and D. Malone, eds. Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars, Ottawa, Cairo and Dakar: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Collier, P., 2004, ‘Development and Security’, Twelfth Bradford Development Lecture, Bradford Centre for International Development, Bradford University, UK, November 11, 2004. Collier, P., and Hoeffler, A., 2001, Greed and Grievance in Civil Wars, US/UK: World Bank/CEPHR/CSAE. (www.worldbank.org/research/conflict/papers.htm).

Collier, P. and Hoeffler, A., 2003, ‘Greed and Grievance in Civil Wars’, Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 563–595.

Doornbos, M., 2003, ‘State Collapse and Fresh Starts: Some Critical Reflections’ in J. Milliken, ed., State Failure, Collapse and Reconstruction, Boston: Blackwell Publishing

Draft Poverty Reduction Paper (PRSP), 2005, Freetown: Government Printer.

Ekeh, P. P., 1975, ‘Colonialism and the Two Publics in Africa: A Theoretical Statement’,Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 17, pp. 91–112.

Ekeh, P. P., 1983, Colonialism and Social Structure: An Inaugural Lecture, Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.

El-Masri, S. and Kellet, P., 2001, ‘Post-War Reconstruction, Participatory Approaches to Rebuilding the Damaged Villages of Lebanon: A Case Study of Al-Burjain’, Habitat International, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 535–557.

Fashole, L. D., 1984, Labour and Parastatal Politics in Sierra Leone, Lanham: University Press of America.

Fearon, J. D., 1988, ‘International Financial Institutions and Economic Reform Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1.

Gbla, O., 2004, ‘Security Sector Reform in Post-Conflict Reconstruction under International Tutelage: The Sierra Leone Case Study’, Draft paper submitted at the PCR Authors Workshop, 4-6 October, Montreaux, Switzerland.

Gbla, O, and Rugumamu, S., 2003, ‘A Study on Capacity Building in Post-Conflict Countries: The Sierra Leone Case Study’, Consultancy Report submitted to the African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF) and the World Bank.

Geschiere, P., 1982, Village Communities and the State: Changing Relations Among the Maka of South-Eastern Cameroon Since the Colonial Conquest, London: Kegan Paul.

Geschiere, P., 1997, The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

Goldstone, J., 2001, ‘Toward A Fourth Generation of Revolutionary Theory’, Annual Review of Political Science, Vol. 4, pp. 139–187.

Goodhand, J. and Hulme, D., 1999, ‘From Wars to Complex Political Emergencies: Understanding Conflict and Peace Building in the New World Disorder’, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 1.

Government of Sierra Leone, Republican Constitution, Freetown, Government Printers, 1978. Hamre, J. and Sullivan, G., 2002, ‘Towards Postconflict Reconstruction’, The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 25. No. 4, pp. 85–96.

Harris, D., 1999, ‘From “Warlord” to “Democratic” President: How Charles Taylor Won the 1997 Liberian Elections’, Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 431–455. Harris, D., 2006, ‘Liberia 2005: An Unusual African Post-Conflict Election’, Journal of Modern

African Studies, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 375–395.

Henry, P., ed., 1942, Problems of Post War Reconstruction, Washington: American Council on Public Affairs.

Herbst, J., 1990, ‘War and the State in Africa’, International Security, Vol. 14, Issue 4.

Homer-Dixon, T. F., 1991, ‘On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict’, Internat ional Security, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 76–116.

Marinelli, L., 1964, The New Liberia, New York: Praeger.

Mazrui, A., 2005, ‘Pan-Africanism and the Intellectuals: Rise, Decline and Revival’, in T.

Mkandawire, ed., African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development, Dakar, London and New York: CODESRIA and Zed Books. pp. 56–77.

Mbembe, A., 2001, On the Postcolony, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Milliken, J. and Krause, K., 2003, ‘State Failure, State Collapse and State Reconstruction: Concepts, Lessons and Strategies’, in J. Milliken, ed., State Failure, Collapse and Reconstruction, Boston: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 1–24.

Moore, D., 1991, ‘The Ideological Formation of the Zimbabwean Ruling Class’, Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 474–475.

Moran, M. H. and Pitcher, M. A., 2004, ‘The “Basket Case” and the “Poster Child”: Explaining the End of Civil Conflicts in Liberia and Mozambique’, TWO, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 501–519. Musah, A., 2003, ‘Privatization of Security and Arms Proliferation in Africa’ in J. Milliken, ed., State

Failure, Collapse and Reconstruction, Boston: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 157–178.

Ng’ethe, N, 1995, ‘Strongmen, State Formation, Collapse and Reconstruction in Africa’, in I. W. Zartman, ed., Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority, London: Lynne Rienner. pp. 251-266.

Olonisakin, F., 2004, ‘Windows of Opportunity for Conflict Prevention: Responding to Regional Conflict in West Africa’, Conflict, Security and Development, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 181–198.

Papi, U., 1947, Introduction to Post-War Reconstruction Programme, Rome: International Institute of Agriculture.

Poverty Reduction Strategic Paper, 2005, Freetown: Government Printer.

Reno, W., 1995, ‘The Reinvention of an African Patrimonial State: Charles Taylor’s Liberia’,Third World Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 109–120.

Reno, W., 1997, ‘African Weak States and Commercial Alliances’, African Affairs, Vol. 96. Reno, W., 1998, Warlord Politics and African States, London: Lynne Rienner.

Reno, W., 2003, ‘Political Networks in a Failing State: The Roots and Future of Violent Conflict in Sierra Leone’, IPG, 2/2003.

Richards, P., 1995, ‘Rebellion in Liberia and Sierra Leone: A Crisis of Youth?’ in O. Furley, ed., Conflict in Africa, London: Taurus Academic Press.

Richards, P., 1996, Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth and Resources in Sierra Leone, Oxford: James Currey.

Safa, H. and Du Toit, M., eds., 1996, Migration and Development: Implications for Ethnic Identity and Political Conflict, Paris and Hague: Mouton Publishers.

Sangmpam, S. N., 1993, ‘Neither Soft nor Dead: The African State is Alive and Well’, African Studies Review, Vol. 36, No. 2.

Sawyer, A., 1992, The Emergence of Autocracy in Liberia: Tragedy and Challenge, San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies.

Sawyer, A., 2004, ‘Violent Conflicts and Governance Challenges in West Africa: The Case of the Mano River Basin Area’, Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 437–463.

Sesay, A., 1998, ‘The Palace Coup and the Future of Democracy in Sierra Leone’, African Journal of International Affairs and Development, Vol. 1, No. 2.

Sesay, A., 1999, ‘Between the Olive Branch and the AK-47: Paradoxes of Recent Military Interventions in West Africa’, Bulletin, Pretoria: Institute of Strategic Studies, University of Pretoria.

Sesay, A., 2000, ‘West African Military Interventions in the 1990s: The Case of ECOMOG in Liberia and Sierra Leone’, in L. Du Plessis and M. Hough, eds., Managing African Conflicts: The Challenge of Military Intervention, Pretoria: Human Sciences research Council/CEMIS and ISSUP. pp. 193–252.

Sesay, A., 2007, ‘Does One Size Fit All? Matters Arising from the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission’, Discussion Paper 36, Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.

Sesay, A., and Ismail, 2003, Civil Wars, Child Soldiers and Post Conflict Peace Building in West Africa, Ibadan: College Press.

Stedman, J., Rothchild, D., and Cousens, E., eds., 2002, Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements, London: Lynne Rienner.

Stevens, S., 1984, What Life Has Taught Me, Abbotsbrook: The Kensal Press.

SIPRI, 2000, SIPRI Year Book 2000: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

The Master Sergeant of the Revolution, 1981, Monrovia: MICAT.

Tilly, C., 1985, ‘War Making and State Making as Organized Crime’, in P.B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, and T. Skocpol, eds., Bringing the State Back In, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 169–191.

Tubman, W. V. S. 1951, ‘Broadcast on Didho Twe and the Reformation Party’, in E. Reginald Townsend, ed., 1969, President William V. S. Tubman of Liberia Speaks: Major Addresses, Messages and Speeches and Statements 1944-1959, Monrovia: Department of Information and Cultural Affairs, Second Edition, 98.

Ukeje, C., 2004, ‘How “Civil” is the Society in Post-War Countries? Challenges and Opportunities Facing Civil Societies in Liberia and Sierra Leone’, Paper for the Sixth International Conference of the International Society for Third Sector Research (ISTR), 11-14 July, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.

UN Secretary General Report on Africa, 1998, ‘The Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa’.

World Bank, 1998, Post-Conflict Reconstruction: The Role of the World Bank, Washington: World Bank.

World Bank, 2000, Can Africa Claim the 21st Century? Washington: World Bank.

Yannis, A., 2003, ‘State Collapse and its Implications for Peace Building and Reconstruction’, in J. Milliken, ed., State Failure, Collapse and Reconstruction, Boston: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 63–82.

Zartman, I. W., 1995, ‘Posing the Problem of State Collapse’, in I.W. Zartman, ed., Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority, London: Lynne Rienner.

Téléchargements

Fichier PDF

##catalog.published##

novembre 7, 2009

Séries

Séries de livres
(c) Tous droits réservés CODESRIA Books Publication System 2009

Renseignements à propos de cette monographie

Dimensions physiques